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Bavachinin is a dihydroflavone isolated from dried ripe fruits of Psoralea corylifolia L.，which has various pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-virus, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective, and good potential in clinical applications. With the increasing concern about the safety of P. corylifolia applications in clinical, the bavachinin has been found to be one of the main components causing liver injury. In this paper, the pharmacological activities and hepatotoxicity of bavachinin in the recent 20 years were reviewed, in order to provide reference for the further study and clinical application.
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@#Abstract: Objective This article summarizes the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment experience of an elderly patient infected with Omicron variant BA.5.1.3 of COVID-19 in Hainan Province. Methods The clinical data and treatment of an elderly patient infected with Omicron variant BA.5.1.3 of COVID-19 admitted to Haikou designated hospital on August 15, 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Results A 107-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital with "fever and cough for 1 day". Two of her family members have infected with COVID-19. The patient initially developed fever, accompanied by cough, expectoration, a little white sticky sputum, accompanied by sore throat, muscle pain, fatigue. Nucleic acid test was positive in throat swab, indicating Omicron variant BA.5.1.3 infection. The patient was diagnosed as mild COVID-19 and treated with antiviral therapy, Chinese medicine conditioning, anticoagulation, electrolyte disorder regulation and symptomatic treatment for 9 days. The patient's clinical symptoms were relieved, and she was cured and discharged after two negative nucleic acid tests. One week later, the patient recovered well. Conclusions Omicron variant BA.5.1.3 is highly infectious, and comprehensive treatment such as antiviral treatment and traditional Chinese medicine treatment has achieved good efficacy. For elderly patients, attention should be paid to maintaining the stability of organ function and internal environment, which is helpful to improve the prognosis of patients.
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OBJECTIVE To establish the fingerprint of the ethanol extract from Callicarpa nudiflora， analyze its anti- respiratory syncytial virus （RSV） activity in vitro， and study the relationship between spectrum and effect. METHODS Using 10%， 30%， 50%， 70% and 90% ethanol as solvent， 20 batches of ethanol extracts from 4 batches of C. nudiflora were prepared. The fingerprints for 20 batches of ethanol extracts from C. nudiflora were mapped by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography （UPLC）， and the similarity evaluation was conducted by using the Similarity Evaluation System for Traditional Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprints （2012 edition）. The cytopathic effect method and MTT method were used to investigate the in vitro inhibitory activity of the ethanol extracts from C. nudiflora on RSV. Pearson correlation analysis， grey correlation degree and orthogonal partial least squares （OPLS） analysis were used to study the spectrum-effect relationship. RESULTS There were 25 common peaks in 20 batches of ethanol extracts from C. nudiflora， and the similarities ranged from 0.912 to 0.998， and the RSDs of common peak areas were 33.54%-162.28%. The average values of IC50 for RSV of 20 batches of ethanol extracts from C. nudiflora were 9.55-272.23 μg/mL. The results of Pearson correlation analysis， grey correlation analysis and OPLS analysis showed that the Pearson correlation coefficients （P＜0.05） of the common peaks 8， 10， 12， 16， 18-19， 22-24 with pharmacodynamic indicators and regression coefficients were all negative， the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.6， and the values of variable importance in projection were all greater than 1. CONCLUSIONS Twenty batches of ethanol extracts from C. nudiflora have similar components but significant differences in content， and exhibit different degrees of anti-RSV activity in vitro. The corresponding components of common peaks 8， 10， 12， 16， 18-19， 22-24 may be the characteristic components of anti-RSV of C. nudiflora.
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Objective@#To explore the possibility of using Lopinave/Litonawe (LPV/r) as treatment for novel coronavirus 2019-nCov pneumonia by systematically review earlier coronavirus studies.@*Methods @#Systematically retrieve relevant clinical studies from Chinese and English databases such as CNKI,VIP,Wangfang Data,CBM,PubMed, Web of Science,EMBASE. In addition, information from Chinese biomedical journals, WHO, US CDC, Chinese CDC websites and the references from published relevant articles were retrieved. The inclusion period is from January 2003 to January 24, 2020. The criteria for inclusion are:(1) studies that aim to compare LPV/r and placebo/standard for SARS, MERS; (2) studies that include at least one clinical outcome; (3) studies with diagnosis criteria meeting WHO requirement on SARS or MERS; (4)data from multiple reports but originated from one study, where we extract information from all reports; (5)guidelines, includes: national or academic guidelines/experts ‘consensus. The exclude criteria are: 1) only have abstracts but no full information; 2) in vitro studies. Two reviewers independently review articles and extract data on study design, patients, diagnosis criteria, regimen, and clinical outcomes (mortality, morbidity, quality of life, steroids dosage, chest image and adverse responses). @*Results@#Two hundred and thirty potential article were found by screening, and narrow down to forty-four articles for evaluation and fnally four studies were included. The results of included studies indicate the early use of LPV/r regimen can reduce the mortality of SARS and MERS, and reduce steroids dosing. @*Conclusions@#ILPV/r can be used as a component of experimental regimen for treat 2019-nCoV pneumonia. It strongly suggests that initiating real world studies to explore the true clinical effects of LPV/r on 2019-nCoV patients.
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Objective: To study the mechanism of Tanreqing Injection (TRQI) on treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through network pharmacology and molecular docking, so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment. Methods: The active compounds of TRQI were searched by literature, BATMAN-TCM, and TCMSP database. The potential targets of TRQI active compounds were searched by TCMSP. In Genecards database, “coronavirus” was used as the key word to search for coronavirus targets and the common targets were selected by mapping with TRQI. The network between the active compounds and common targets was established by Cytoscape 3.2.1. The common targets were imported into a STRING database for protein-protein interaction analysis, and the target protein interaction network diagram (PPI) was constructed. The key antiviral targets of TRQI were screened by combining two networks. “GlueGO 2.5.5” plug-in unit in Cytoscape 3.2.1 was used to perform GO biological process and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Results: A total of 54 components of TRQI were obtained and corresponding to 287 targets. Among them, there were 54 common targets and 34 key targets. GO analysis obtained 29 biological processes related to the treatment effect of TRQI, and KEGG analysis obtained 70 pathways. The results of molecular docking showed that kaempferol, quercetin, baicalein luteolin, and wogonin had good affinity with SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase. Conclusion: The active compounds in TRQI may act as an antiviral agent by binding SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase and regulating multiple signaling pathways. The molecular mechanism of TRQI in the treatment of COVID-19 indicated the synergistic features of multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway of traditional Chinese medicine, which provided an important scientific basis for further elucidating the mechanism of TRQI in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix is a Chinese medicinal material with unique efficacy and rich resources, which is widely distributed in northwest China. Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix contains a variety of chemical components, including iridoids, lignans, flavonoids, triterpenes, alkaloids, and other components, with anti-inflammatory and analgesic, liver protection, anti-virus, anti-tumor, immunosuppression, antihypertensive and other activities. Because of its various chemical components and wide range of pharmacological activities, it can be used as a kind of medicinal plant with great development and utilization value. With the great increase in the demand for Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix resources, the wild Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix resources are extremely shrinking. There are many medicinal sources of Gentiana Macrophylla Radix, and the medicinal parts are different, resulting in mixed sources of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix. Not only the medicinal ingredients are unstable, the market chaos is also very serious, and the quality standard needs to be improved urgently. Based on the analysis of the present situation of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix resources, chemical composition and pharmacological action, combined with the concept of quality markers, the quality markers of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix were predicted and analyzed from the aspects of chemical composition and traditional medicinal properties, traditional efficacy, clinical efficacy, different compatibility and so on, in order to provide reference for the establishment of quality evaluation system of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix.
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Objective: To explore the potential anti-coronavirus mechanism of Xiaoer Feire Kechuan Particles (XFKP). Methods: TCMIP database was used to search and summarize the information of each medicinal herbs-components-target of XFKP. All the candidate target genes were also searched. "Corona virus" was used as the key word in Genecards database to search for corona virus related targets, and the mapping of the active targets with XFKP were used to select the common targets as the research targets. The selected common targets will be found in the summarized database of each medicinal herbs-components-target. The common targets were imported into the STRING database to construct the network diagram of target interaction, and Cytoscape 3.3.0 software was used for visualization processing to screen out the core targets. With the help of OmicsBean analysis platform and String database, Gene ontology (GO) biological process analysis and KEGG signal pathway enrichment analysis were carried out on the target. Results: A total of 342 chemical components and 737 candidate target genes were obtained. Venny mapped 48 common targets, corresponding to 173 compounds, 19 core targets, and 27 main compounds. GO biological process (BP) entries included 3 420, cell component (CC) entries included 239, and molecular function (MF) entries included 343. Through KEGG enrichment analysis, 160 signal pathways related to the therapeutic effect of XFKP were obtained. The "medicinal herbs-components-target-pathway" network of the key targets of XFKP was established. Conclusion: The 173 compounds can intervene 160 signaling pathways by acting on 48 related targets, such as IL-17 signaling pathway, influenza A, etc., mainly involving anti-inflammation, immune regulation, relieving cough and asthma, antibacterial, antiviral and sedative aspects, providing theoretical basis for the treatment of corona virus-related diseases with XFKP.
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Seven indole alkaloid glycosides containing a 1'-(4″-hydroxy-3″,5″-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl unit (-) were isolated from an aqueous extract of leaves (da qing ye). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data analysis combined with enzymatic hydrolysis as well as comparison of their experimental CD (circular dichroism) and calculated ECD (electrostatic circular dichroism) spectra. Based on analysis of and/or Cotton effect (CE) data of -, two simple roles to assign location and/or configuration of -glycopyranosyloxy and 1'-(phenyl)ethyl units in the indole alkaloid glycosides are proposed. Stereoselectivity in plausible biosynthetic pathways of - is discussed. Compounds and and their mixture in a 3:2 ratio showed activity against KCNQ2 in CHO cells. The mixture of and (3:2) exhibited antiviral activity against influenza virus H1N1 PR8 with IC 64.7 μmol/L (ribavirin, IC 54.3 μmol/L), however, the individual or was inactive. Preliminary structure-activity relationships were observed.
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Lianhua Qingwen preparation （LHQW） is a Chinese traditional patent medicine approved by China Food and Drug Administration （CFDA）， and divided into two dosage forms， namely capsules and granules. Based on TCM theory， its therapeutic functions are contagion-clearing， detoxification， antipyretic， and lung-ventilating regulation， with influenza as its indication. In this paper， its pharmacological activities were reviewed. LHQW had a significant anti-virus effect characterized by a broad-spectrum pattern. It was reported that it not only possessed definitely suppressive effect on a series of influenza viruses， respiratory syncytial virus， coxsackie， enterovirus， herpes simplex virus，but also displayed a significant inhibitory effect on both the new corona pneumonia virus （SARS-CoV-2） and SARS coronavirus （SARS-CoV）. Studies showed that LHQW has obvious anti-inflammatory effects on a variety of inflammation models. It can significantly increase the delayed hypersensitivity of immunocompromised mice （caused by hydrocortisone） against 2， 4-dinitrofluorobenzene， and improve their cellular immune function. It can improve the phagocytosis function of peritoneal macrophages， the serum hemolysin antibody level and the humoral immune function of mice with a low immune function， with a immunomodulatory effect. In addition， LHQW has therapeutic effects on the symptoms induced by respiratory tract infections， such as fever， cough and phlegm， so as to block the vicious circle of multiple pathological links of the disease， and bring the advantages of multi-target， multi-link and multi-approach overall treatment of TCM into play.
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Objective@#To explore the possibility of using Lopinave/Litonawe (LPV/r) as treatment for novel coronavirus 2019-nCov pneumonia by systematically review earlier coronavirus studies.@*Methods@#Systematically retrieve relevant clinical studies from Chinese and English databases such as CNKI,VIP, Wangfang Data,CBM,PubMed, Web of Science,EMBASE. In addition, information from Chinese bio-medical journals, WHO, US CDC, Chinese CDC websites and the references from published relevant articles were retrieved. The inclusion period is from January 2003 to January 24, 2020. The criteria for inclusion are: (1) studies that aim to compare LPV/r and placebo/standard for SARS, MERS; (2) studies that include at least one clinical outcome; (3) studies with diagnosis criteria meeting WHO requirement on SARS or MERS; (4) data from multiple reports but originated from one study, where we extract information from all reports; (5) guidelines, includes: national or academic guidelines/experts 'consensus. The exclude criteria are: 1) only have abstracts but no full information; 2) in vitro studies. Two reviewers independently review articles and extract data on study design, patients, diagnosis criteria, regimen, and clinical outcomes (mortality, morbidity, quality of life, steroids dosage, chest image and adverse responses).@*Results@#Two hundred and thirty potential article were found by screening, and narrow down to forty-four articles for evaluation and finally four studies were included. The results of included studies indicate the early use of LPV/r regimen can reduce the mortality of SARS and MERS, and reduce steroids dosing.@*Conclusions@#ILPV/r can be used as a component of experimental regimen for treat 2019-nCoV pneumonia. It strongly suggests that initiating real world studies to explore the true clinical effects of LPV/r on 2019-nCoV patients.
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Serine incorporator (SERINC) is a multi-transmembrane family of carrier proteins that is highly conserved among species and helps to integrate serine into lipid bilayers to efficiently synthesize phospholipids Phosphatidylserine and sphingolipids. Recent studies have found that SERINC protein family, especially SERINC3 and SERINC5, act on many different viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which causes AIDS, inhibit the replication and proliferation of the virus to achieve antiviral effects. The study on the mechanism of virus-host cell interaction has been a hot spot in the field and has important scientific significance. In this article, the structural features of SERINC protein family, the major biological functions, and the interaction with the virus in the anti-virus process are summarized in order to provide important information for the research on the host-virus interaction.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of second-line antiretroviral treatment (ART) on human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and provide reference for subsequent HIV/AIDS treatment.Methods Two hundred and twenty-eight HIV/AIDS patients received second-line ART during January 2011 and December 2015 in Zhengzhou were included.Two hundred and forty-eight who received first-line ART during this period were randomly enrolled as control group.CD4+ T cell count and HIV RNA load before and after treatment were compared with x2 test and t test when appropriate.Results There were 228 patients (137 male and 91 female) in the second-line ART group and 248 patients (176 male and 72 female) in the control group.In second-line ART group, CD4+ T cells increased from (274±200)/μL to (476±261)/μL after an average treatment of (39.5±18.8) months.The difference was statistically significant (t=12.91, P0.05).During the treatment, the rates of immunological failure were 9.6% (22/228) in second-line ART group and 12.9% (32/248) in the control group.There was no statistical difference between two groups (x2=1.251, P>0.05).Complete viral inhibition rates were 83.3% (190/228) in second-line ART group and 88.7% (220/248) in control group with no statistical difference (x2=2.881, P>0.05).Conclusions Second-line ART regimen has equivalent treatment efficacy with first-line ART.To achieve a better outcome, second-line ART regimen should be selected as an alternative option when first-line regimen fails.Compliance is the key to guarantee the success of antiviral therapy.
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1-Deoxynojirimycin(DNJ), a polyhydroxylated alkaloid,has demonstrated numerous physiological activites, such as anti-diabetes, lipid-lowering, anti-cancer and anti-virus effects. As research continues, related activities have been explained even more clearly, and new physiological activities have been found. In this review, new discoveries of the physiological activities of DNJ and DNJ derivatives were summarized. This will provide pharmaceutical basis for future study and application of DNJ.
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Background: Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acids, so-called ‘artificial antibodies’, identified from the randomized combinatorial library against the target by the process called ‘SELEX’ (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment). Target can have any sizes from small molecules to the whole cell, attests the versatility of aptamers to bind a wide range of targets. Aptamers have several advantages over antibodies, such as they are easy to prepare, cheaper, have no batch variations, are easy to modify, stable and most importantly, non-immunogenic. Because of these positive characteristics, aptamers are incorporated in different fields, and most attractive in the applications involving therapeutics and diagnoses (theranostics). With either aptamers alone or complementing with antibodies, several high sensitive, portable sensors have been demonstrated for use in ‘bedside analysis’. Moreover, aptamers are more amenable to chemical modifications, making them capable of utilization with the most developed aptasensors (aptamerbased sensors). Significance: The development of more sensitive aptasensors could be useful and important for medical diagnosis, identification of pathogens for the quality control of consumable items, and surveillance of emerging diseases. In fact, aptasensors have already shown their efficacy in the detection of life threatening diseases caused by early stage of viral infections. In this review, role of aptasensors in detecting pathogenic viruses are overviewed. Keywords: Anti-virus; aptamer; aptasensor; bedside analysis; SELEX
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Objective To construct a eukaryotic expression system of IFN-λ,examine the expression of IFN-λand evaluate its bio-functions including anti-proliferation and anti-viral activity.Methods The genes of human IFN-λ1 /2 (hIFN-λ1 /2)were cloned from the mRNA of poly I∶C treated HuH-7 cells.The PCR product was examined with DNA sequencing.The genes of IFN-λ1 /2 were sub-cloned into pcDNA3 vector.The correct insertion of the gene IFN-λ1 /2 was identified with enzyme digestion.The constructed pcDNA3-IFN-λ1 /2 plasmids were transfected into COS-7 cells and IFN-λ1 /2 protein was checked in the supernatant and lysis of transfected cells using Western blotting analysis.The human esophageal carcinoma YES5 and T.Tn cells were treated with the IFN-λ1 /2 from the transfected cells and the proliferation of carcinoma cells were measured with CCK-8 kit.In the treated carcinoma cells,the apoptosis and antivirus related molecules such as caspase-3,ISG15 and MxA was analyzed with Western blotting or Quantitative real time PCR.Results The sequence of hIFN-λ1 /2 fragment matched that of the gene bank and the gene of the cytokines was inserted into pcDNA3 vector correctly.With Western blotting analysis,IFN-λ1 /2 protein was detected in the pcDNA3-IFN-λ1 /2 transfected COS-7 cells.The IFN-λ1 /2 from the transfected COS-7 cells inhibited the growth of YES5 and T.Tn cells, activated apoptosis related caspase-3,and up-regulated the anti-virus gene expression of ISG15 and MxA.Conclusion COS-7 cells can express IFN-λ1 /2 after transfection with pcDNA3-IFN-λ1 /2,suggesting that eukaryotic expression system of IFN-λis established.IFN-λ1 /2 from the system can perform bio-functions,such as proliferation inhibition,apoptosis induction and anti-viral gene up-regulation,which indicates that the system can contribute to further investigations of IFN-λbio-activity and its clinical application.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard for Anti-virus chewable tablet. METHODS:TLC was used for the qualitative identification of Forsythia suspensa,Anemarrhena asphodeloides and Pogostemon cablin in Anti-virus chewable tablet, and HPLC was conducted to determine the content of forsythin in F. suspensa. The column was Diamonsil C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile- water (20∶80,V/V) at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 230 nm,column temperature was 25℃,and injection volume was 10μl. RESULTS:The test sample and the reference sample displayed same color spots on the cor-responding position in TLC diagram. The linear range of forsythin was 0.053 5-2.675 μg(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stabili-ty and reproducibility tests were no more than 1.74%;average recovery was 98.94%(RSD=1.84%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,rapid,accurate,reliable and reproducible,and can be used for quality control of Anti-virus chewable tablet.
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Ebola virus is a highly virulent pathogen causing severe hemorrhagic fever with a high fatality rate in humans. Although safe and effective therapeutics and treatment strategies or other medicinal agents in post-exposure therapeutics for the prevention of Ebola hemorrhagic are currently unavailable, a significant effort has been put forth to identify several promising candidates for post-exposure therapeutics and treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. These potential strategies and novel technology include monoclonal antibody cocktail, polymerase inhibitors and lipid nanoparticle/small interfering RNA. This article summarizes recent advances in therapeutics and treatment strategies and novel technology in Ebola virus post-infection in small animals and non-human primates.
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Objective To study in vitro anti-HIV activity of an extract of herb medicines,SanJiangDan,and the possible mechanism.Methods The main active ingredient of SanJiangDan was extracted by distillation.Three subtypes of HIV pseudovirus (B subtype,C subtype,CRF01_AE subtype) were used to evaluate the anti-HIV activity of SanJiangDan extract in vitro.The possible mechanism was evaluated through analyzing the effects of SanJiangDan extract on the expression of surface receptors and cytokines by T cells.The cytotoxicity of SanJiangDan extract was detected by using four different sources of cell lines including epithelial cells Caco-2 cells,TZM cells,Huh7 cells derived from liver cells and lymphocyte Jurkat-T cells.Results SanJiangDan extract effectively inhibited the infection of HIV pseudoviruses at concentrations of 1.6 mg/ml and 0.16 mg/ml.The inhibition rates were 30.9％,36.6％ and 65.0％ for B subtype,C subtype and CRF01_AE subtype respectively at the concentration of 0.16 mg/ml.As the concentration increased to 1.6 mg/ml,the inhibition rates increased to 96.4％ (B subtype),97.4％ (C subtype) and 99.5％ (CRF01_AE subtypes),but no toxicity to host cells was detected.Moreover,SanJiangDan extract inhibited the expression of HIV surface receptors including CD4,CXCR4 and CCR5 on TZM-bl cells,but enhanced IL-2 production.Conclusion SanJiangDan extract could inhibit HIV pseudovirus infection without causing cytotoxicity to host cells in vitro.The possible mechanism might be associated with the reduced expression of CD4,CXCR4 and CCR5 and enhanced secretion of IL-2 as well.
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Virus is a kind of pathogen which has greatly threat-ened human lives and is severely harmful to human’ s health. It is featured by rapid transmission and high mortality. At present there is no efficacious anti-virus western medicine. Some kinds of traditional Chinese medicines show certain restrictive effect a-gainst virus as natural materials and become a hot spot. This pa-per proceeds from experimental study on anti-virus activity and action mechanism of febrifuge and detoxifying herbs, and eluci-dates the important role of febrifuge and detoxifying herbs in anti-virus effect to provide evidence for screening anti-virus Chinese medicine in clinic.
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OBJECTIVE: To review the chemical constituents from Camptotheca acuminate Decne and report bioactivities, which provides detailed information for further investigations and applications of C. acuminate, a plant resource endemic to China. METHODS: Based on 39 domestic and foreign literatures, the analysis, induction and summarization of chemical constituents and bioactivities of C.acuminate. RESULTS and CONCLUSION: The major chemical components of C. acuminate are alkaloids, ellagic acid, and flavonoids. The crude extract of C. acuminate shows anti-tumor, immunosuppression and anti-virus activities.